冲刺托福100分备考秘籍:写作篇-综合写作


时间:2016/2/22
作者:辛达托福代报名小编
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    辛达托福代报考位 :直到2016年2月22日上午托福官网没有释放考位,在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名,

注意自己的考试时间,如对托福报名有任何疑问,欢迎咨询在线客服

  托福概括写作篇的目录:

  概括写作君的长相和条件

  方针:满分(YES U CAN)

  评分标准scoring rubrics

  你需要的才华

  怎样取得这些才华

  秘笈(DUANG, 给你的作文加特技)

  —————————————————————————————

  1.首要,概括写作君的长相 (资深考生可以跳过这有些)

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  PDF 的195页初步,下载办法见这篇文章结束的“下载专区”。

  概括写作君的三个有些:

  STEP1 : 限时3分钟,阅读一篇文章。“You will have 3 minutes to read the passage.”

  STEP2 : 听一段音频,说话人和你讲讲对于刚才那文章里的作业。“Listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.”

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  STEP3 : 打字写作,总结音频和文章的信息。Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading.

  考生打字写作的界面如图:

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  概括写作时间和字数束缚:

  20分钟。字数没有严格束缚,但是OG指出的是:通常来讲,把文章都说明白应当需要150-225 words。实战中字数超出一些也是可以的,不少考生需要大约300 words才华说明白音频内容和文章联络。终究,越言简意赅,言简意赅,一语中的,正本难度系数越高。

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  概括写作君的容颜和条件介绍结束。

  ———————————————————————————————————————

  2. 各位备考TOEFL的战士们,对于概括写作,方针有必要是满分。这真的不难完结。假设有决计,请往下看。假设没有决计,也往下看。

  3. 什么样的概括写作能拿满分?

  TOEFL的出题安排ETS在官网上发布的写作评分标准:

  (下方附了截图+官网衔接)

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  网址:http://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/toefl_writing_rubrics.pdf

  下面这段原本在知乎上写得好好的,但是这儿说有不合法字符,无法只能上图了。不是我作呀,各位阅读的亲们,请海涵。

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  ——————————————————————————

  4. 想要抵达高分档位,需要具有哪些才华?+ 5. 怎样具有这些才华

  时间次序走起,需要具有的才华点有三个方面:

  A.阅读时期

  B.听音频时期

  C.打字写作时期

  -------------------------------------

  A.阅读时期:

  -(1)在那3分钟阅读文章的时分,要看得懂,找到每一段的要害。

  -(2)找出基地信息并记在草稿纸上,留心简练。

  怎样取得上述才华:

  -(1)阅读才华提高可以参看 托福上百怎样DIY——(3)阅读篇_SindyMay_新浪博客

  或许雅思这篇的后半段:雅思4个7+的攻略--(4)阅读篇_SindyMay_新浪博客

  当然,留心每次练习完了一篇概括写作往后别忘了收拾一下这篇中呈现的高频生词(千年等一会的专业术语就不用去回想了)。每练习完一篇都别浪费喽,一步一步,积少成多,总有一天是满满的成就感。其他,想额外补单词的考生可以参看目录下的单词篇SindyMay_新浪博客

  -(2)找要害信息的辅导原则是:首段得看懂观念,接下来三段分别是三个支撑这个观念的论据。这些信息的呈现办法往往是开宗明义,这包括:开篇见主题,每段的段首见段意大意。

  -(3)笔记别着急记,看懂再动笔,不然记了也白记。在看懂的基础上,以大家对信息的处理才华应当可以筛选出两三个具有代表性的词语的。给自己一个有代表性的提示,等会看见这几个词儿可以立刻想起来这段说的是什么。紧记,别大片大片照着抄,时间来不及,并且没必要,写作的时分阅读文章还会复出的。

  -(4)做到高效记载的捷径是养成信息规整的习气。概括写作中的信息规整最明显地体现在格式上。见下表就一目了然了:

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  信息记载中比照方便和清楚的格式是支配分栏,阅读文章和音频内容一一对应。论据之间的争辩反驳也是一一对应。这么就使得结构和联络更加清楚。

  举个栗子;(经典的TPO3 概括写作)

  TPO-V03 Reading Passage

  Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet. The painting was attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman's face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.

  First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear--yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.

  Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow--which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.

  Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood. For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt's paintings in the 1930s.

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  阅读笔记的说明:

  首要,第一段说明的“文章首要观念”是这幅画不是出自R这自己。也便是上表中第一行的笔记,箭头表明“出自”,非常简略直白。

  接着,第二段讲的“论据一”:这画有个不相称的当地,麻布质料的帽子显示出这个画中主角是个家丁,但是皮草的毛领子又是只需富人才买得起的,R这么的大师才不会犯这种差错。

  在做笔记的时分,尽可能做到简明扼要。不能照抄原句,只能写下基地词,比如inconsistent,假设手速不够快,直接写inconst~,也可以,只需自己等会看笔记可以看懂就好。

  第三段讲的“论据二”:这画的光影不对,画中人的脸被从下往上的光源照亮但是脸下方却是深色毛领子,按理来说只能吸光,根柢无法到达照亮脸的效果。R是光影大师,一定没那么傻。

  基地词便是light,不fit. 详细记下便是face 被illuminated,但是dark collar. 这儿的illuminated也可以简写成illmn,假设怕时间来不及的话.

  第四段讲的“论据三”: 画的布景板是几块木板聚集起来的,不是R这人的画画特性。这个之间看笔记,秒懂 pieces glued. → X R.~

  就按照这个办法阅读+笔记。假设阅读速度不够快,可以省掉一些细节,但是起码保证自己抓到文章的首要观念+三个论据。

  ____________________________________________________

  B.听音频时期:

  非常首要的时期。这时期需要的才华是

  (1)手脑协同的才华。这儿指的是耳边听手边写。概括写作和托福听力有些的最大区别在于概括写作有些的音频信息需要许多运用进作文,这就请求考生需要尽可能多地记载信息,不仅仅是时期的大意,还得有各种细节出的表达。——这种协同才华的培养最好的办法是练习一段时间的听抄,用的资料最好只用概括写作的音频,而不要用听力有些的音频,不然副效果比照讨厌,这点在听力有些详细讲过。对于音频哪里下载的疑问,请参看这篇文章最终的下载专区。Sindy收拾进了网盘,等待下载。

  (2)大脑的回想才华。这儿说的回想才华不是指超级大脑,也不是指纯复述词句,而是指对于文章和音频之间逻辑联络的回想。一边听音频的时分,一遍要记住刚才阅读的文章中有哪些信息是论据中被争辩反驳的要害点,当然,这种联络的树立可以凭仗上文提到的笔记格式。但是脑力回想依然很首要,需要考生平常在练习的时分就专心致志。如果疲倦情况,主张不要做TOEFL备考练习。

  举个栗子;

  TPO-V03 Listening Script

  Everything you just read about Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is true. And yet, after a thorough reexamination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it’s indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here’s why.

  First, the fur collar. X-rays analysis of the pigment in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn’t part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about 100 years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.

  Second, the supposed error with the light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur collar was removed, the original painting could be seen. In the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of a light colored cloth. The light colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman’s face. That’s why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting the light and shadow was very realistic and just what we expect from Rembrandt.

  Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting was actually painted on a single piece of wood as would be expected from Rembrandt’s painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his self portrait with a hat.

冲刺托福100分备考绝技:写作篇-概括写作

  听力有些的笔记和阅读有些的笔记不一样,听力需要尽可能记住详细,终究听力内容不会像阅读内容那样复出了。

  听完开始的两句话,我们就可以大胆自傲地在笔记表的右侧第一行打上一个对勾了。毫无疑问,概括写作的lecturer便是过来唱反调的:这幅画便是R~的真迹,杠杠滴。

  听力中的第一个论据:皮草领子是后来加上去的。完美争辩反驳了左面的阅读论据一。这儿的细节能记多少就记多少。当然,假设有些词真的比照难,比如aristocratic,怕自己拼不对,那也可以省掉不计。笔记见上图。

  听力中的第二个论据:假设毛领子去掉,原画中的脸下方是淡色的领子,光影效果很合理。参看上图,这儿的词汇都能轻松搞定吧。

  听力中的第三个论据:聚集的木板也是后来加上去的,正本便是一块单板。为的是让这幅画更大气,更值钱。这木板刚好和R~的自画像源自同一棵树。参看上图,词也都不难。

  这儿留心,假设在边听边记的进程中真实来不及,那就遵照”抓论据为主,记细节为辅“的原则。假设被听力拖累了,细节好多都木有记下肿么办,不着急,码字进程仍是可以补偿的,持续往下看。

  _______________________________

  C.打字写作时期:

  写作有些总算上场了。不少同学进入打字时期就呆呆地寸步难行,这儿Sindy爽性把每一句话的任务都讲明白,便当大家学习和练习。共十三个要害。

  这儿的原则是每一句话都有自己的功用,我们把这种有必要用上的拿分功用叫做 “要害”,一句话对应一个要害。当然,假设有些考生在实战中无法造长句,也可以把一个要害的那一句话分红两小句话。但是要害不能少。

  这些要害分别是:

  第1点:阅读中说了XXX。但是听力中说的是XXX。

  第2点:阅读中的第1个论据

  第3点:听力中的第1个论据

  第4点:听力中的第一个论据的补偿

  第5点:打点句(点明这是第一个不一样点)

  第6点:阅读中的第2个论据

  第7点:听力中的第2个论据

  第8点:听力中的第2个论据的补偿

  第9点:打点句(点明这是第2个不一样点)

  第10点:阅读中的第3个论据

  第11点:听力中的第3个论据

  第12点:听力中的第3个论据的补偿

  第13点:打点句(点明这是第3个不一样点)

  有木有发现,除了第一句话,接下来都是“阅读——听力——听力细节——打点句”的节奏。

  提示一句,时态用过去式,或许现在时都可以,要害是要全文共同。

  下面我们把这个结构用在刚才的栗子里试试:

  (1)

  阅读中说了XXX。但是听力中说的是XXX。

  阅读文章说的是Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet不是出自伦勃朗的观念。但是说话人驳斥了这个观念并用新的根据证明该画便是他的原作。

  The reading’s conclusion (opinion/statement/judgment) is that the Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is not Rembrandt’s work. But the lecturer rebuts the statement, and proves it is Rembrandt’s work with new evidences.

  (2)

  阅读中的第一个分观念

  首要,阅读指出这幅画在服装调配上犯有初级差错,而伦勃朗(一个对画服装非常考究的大师)是不会犯这种差错。

  Firstly, the reading passage demonstrates that the painting has an elementary mistake of clothing-consistency, which Rembrandt, a master of clothing-drawing, would never commit.

  (3)

  听力中的第一个分观念

  但是,教授指出,画中的毛领实习是其他人为了增加该画的价值而加上去的,因此致使服装调配不协调。

  But the lecturer challenges this point by saying that the inconsistency was caused by the fur collar, which was actually an add-up by someone else, who was trying to increase its value.

  (4)

  听力中的第一个分观念的补偿

  原画的外套彻底与帽子匹配,符合画中人仆人的身份。

  The coat in the original painting perfectly matches the hat, and fits the subject’s status as the servant.

  (5)

  打点句(点明这是第一个不一样点)

  这是说话与阅读内容相左(敌对/不一样)的第一点。

  This is the first obvious divergence where the lecturer disagrees with the reading passage.

  (6)

  阅读中的第2个分观念

  其次,阅读认为画中的光影效果也不符合伦勃朗的特性。

  Secondly, the writer states that the light and shadow of this painting is not like Rembrandt’s style.

  (7)

  听力中的第2个分观念

  但是,教授指出,恰恰又是这个后加上去的毛领子致使了差错。

  On the contrary, the lecturer illustrates that it was the later-added fur collar again which caused the mistake.

  (8)

  听力中的第2个分观念的补偿

  原画中的衣服(毛领之下)是淡色的,正本可以反射出准确的光影效果。

  The coat in the original painting, under the fur collar, was a pure light color, which can reflect the right effect.

  (9)

  打点句(点明这是第2个不一样点)

  这是说话与阅读内容相左(敌对/不一样)的第二点。

  This is the second explicit point where the lecturer challenges the reading.

  (10)

  阅读中的第3个分观念

  第三,阅读指出该画是画在由几块木板拼接的画板上,这与伦勃朗喜爱画在整块木板上的习气不符。

  The reading then indicates that the painting was painted on a glued-together wood piece, which was not the style of Rembrandt either, who used to paint on a single piece of wood.

  (11)

  听力中的第3个分观念

  对于此点,正本该画正本便是画在整块木板上,而周围的木板是改画人为了使其看起来更大更值钱然后粘上去的。

  As for this point, the truth is that this painting was painted on a single piece of wood, while the extra woods were added by the painting-modifier(s) in order to make it grander and more valuable!

  (12)

  听力中的第3个分观念的补偿

  其他,最新根据发现,该画的木板与其他一个现已被证明是伦勃朗的原作的画的木板来自于同一棵树。

  Plus, according to the newest findings, the wood panel of this painting was cut from the same tree as another painting which had been confirmed to be Rembrandt’s work.

  (13)

  打点句(点明这是第3个不一样点)

  这是教授用来澄清该画是伦勃朗原作的第三点。

  This is the third point which the lecturer uses to clarify that this painting is the real work of Rembrandt.




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