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　　For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenth-century rise in industry, technology, and economic power Known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing an energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. This was to occur with progress in the development of the steam engine.

　　1、Why does the author provide the information that "Great Britain had large amounts of coal"?

　　To reject the claim that Britain was facing an energy shortage in the eighteenth century f

　　To explain why coal rather than other energy resources became the primary source of heat for homes and industries in eighteenth-century Britain

　　To indicate that Britain's energy shortage was not the result of a lack of fuel

　　To explain why coal mining became an important industry in nineteenth-century

　　2、What was "the problem of energy" that had to be solved to make the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century possible?

　　Water and wind could not be used efficiently.

　　There was no efficient way to power machinery.

　　Steam engines required large amounts of coal, which was in short supply.

　　Neither humans nor animals were strong enough to provide the power required for industrial application.

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