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　　The drill holes passed through more than a thousand meters of coral before reaching the rock substratum of the ocean floor, and indicated that the coral had been growing upward for tens of millions of years as Earth's crust subsided at a rate of between 15 and 51 meters per million years. (TPO47, 52)

　　coral /'k?r?l/ n. 珊瑚

　　substratum /s?b'strɑ?t?m/ n. 底层

　　subside /s?b'sa?d/ v. 下降，下陷

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　The drill holes passed through more than a thousand meters of coral (before reaching the rock substratum of the ocean floor), and indicated (that the coral had been growing upward for tens of millions of years)(as Earth's crust subsided at a rate of between 15 and 51 meters per million years. )(TPO47, 52)

　　托福阅读长难句分析：

　　修饰一：(before reaching the rock substratum of the ocean floor)，介词短语

　　中文：才到海底的岩石层

　　修饰二：(that the coral had been growing upward for tens of millions of years)，从句

　　中文：珊瑚已经向上生长了数千万年了

　　修饰三：(as Earth's crust subsided at a rate of between 15 and 51 meters per million years.)，从句

　　中文：因为地壳以每一百万年15到51米的速度在下沉。

　　托福阅读长难句参考翻译：

　　钻孔穿过超过一千米的珊瑚才到海底的岩石层，表明珊瑚已经向上生长了了，因为地壳以每一百万年15到51米的速度在下沉。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语和从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

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