辛达托福代报考位：到2016年4月19日上午托福官网没有释放考位，在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名，注意自己的考试时间，如对雅思报名有任何疑问，欢迎咨询在线客服

　　大王花 Rafflesia

　　教授一开始就介绍植物分类，说到分类中的species种， genus属，order目。说植物的 classification 很难，一些特性对比特别的植物特别是这个姿态。提出植物的分类不能彻底依托它 flower 的形状和特性。说到Rafflesia (大王花)，开花时会发出腐臭的滋味，以招引蝇类传达花粉。

　　举了 Indonesia 的一种植物 M为例，它的 flower 很特别，超级大(图像显现它的直径有一个手臂这么长，色彩为绛红，或许有牛人知道它是何种植物)，有难闻的滋味，象啥肉，可是最终发现他们不是一个 order 的。成长在很恶劣的环境中，其它的植物都不能成长(标题一:它成长在啥样的环境傍边?)这种植物有事物的来历，可是它仍是会抓 insect 吃，因为它不能从土壤中得到满足的养分,所以要通过这种方式来获取所需的养分(标题二:为啥吃虫?)然后教授说了它怎样抓虫的? 通过很长时刻的研究，专家发现它和violet(紫罗兰)、 willow(杨柳) 等是归于一个order的，后说到幼时的 violet，也会发出那种 smell 的。

　　说到共存(考题)。有说到另一种南美洲的植物和它是同一意图，可是花很小，滋味也不难闻，与蓝莓共生 coherent。学生发问不能测 DNA 吗，教授说这种大花基本不进行光合作用，没法获取一般植物能获取到的 DNA。在 DNA 剖析技能老练之前根本无法将他们并为同类，因为他们的特征区别太大。教授还说到这种植物的交配不易， 其一气味难闻致使传蜜的动物不易挨近，其二它每年只开一次花，且花分男女。所以要这么多先天条件凑齐

　　不易，所以很少有人有时机看到开花的全过程。(考题)所以，定论，不行以貌取人。后来又讲了这莳花很有也许灭绝，原因是要 fly 帮助运花粉，要同种的花在一同，要…，要这些条件同时发生，是小概率事件(Small incident)。

　　原文：

　　Listen to part of a lecture in a Botany class

　　We've been talking about plant classifications and how species belong to a family and families belong to an order, but sometimes, figuring out how we assign certain plant species to a particular order is challenging, even if the plant has...unusual characteristics. You'd think that plants with similar characteristics would belong to the same order, but that's not always true. A good example of this is a flower, that is—a flowering plant—that grows only in Malaysia and Indonesia, called Rafflesia.

　　As you can see, Rafflesia is a pretty unusual plant. For starters, it's huge. The flower can grow up to a meter in width and can weigh up to seven kilos—pretty big, huh There aren't any other specimens in the plant world that have flowers even close to this size. But that's not the only unusual characteristic of Rafflesia, in fact, that's probably one of the least strange features of the plant.

　　The plant also emits a terrible stench, like rotting meat. But again, there are other plants with bad smelling flowers. And in the case of Rafflesia, flies are attracted to that smell, and that's how the flowers get pollinated. So...um...Rafflesia's flowers are huge and smelly. Rafflesia is also a parasite; it gets its energy from another plant instead of from the sun, which is unusual, but not unheard of in the plant kingdom. It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms—it doesn't bloom inside the host. But that leads me to...I want to tell you really quickly about another plant, a plant that's also from the forests of Southeast Asia, called Mitrastema.

　　Now, Mitrastema is also a parasite, which led some to believe that Rafflesia was related to Mitrastema—that they belong to the same order. Mitrastema as I said is a parasite, but its flowers are much smaller, and don't smell bad, so you can see why there was debate about whether they were related. But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um...no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult."

　　Now, you're probably thinking, why don't they just analyze the DNA of the plant Well, as I said, Rafflesia is a parasite. It lacks the leaves; the green tissue that most plants need for photosynthesis. It's unable to...um...to capture the sunlight most other plants use to make food. So, it's lacking...it...it...it doesn't have the DNA—the genes—for photosynthesis, which is what we usually use to classify plant species. But some researchers in Michigan persisted, and analyzed about 90 species of seed plants and compared them to Rafflesia, and we finally had an answer. Rafflesia was part of the Malpighiales order.

　　Now, other species in the Malpighiales order include violets ... um ... poinsettias ... uh ... passion – flowers ...what else Willows. So it was pretty unexpected because flowers like violets are a lot smaller than Rafflesia, right And they don't smell bad—they don't smell like rotting meat...and they're not parasitic. It took almost 200 years to classify Rafflesia, to identify its relatives, and I don't think anyone would have ever guessed that it's in the order Malpighiales. I mean...you know-it'd be nice to be able to classify species based on their obvious characteristics, but, it didn't work that way with Rafflesia. And unfortunately for Rafflesia, and for the field of botany, it seems that Rafflesia may be dying out. It's certainly endangered because of deforestation in its habitat. And to make matters worse, Rafflesia doesn't reproduce very well. First of all, only 10-20% of buds turn into full-fledged flowers, and it can take them a year to grow. There are also male flowers and female flowers, and one of each has to be in the same area—the same vicinity—at the same time, to produce seeds, and the flies that are attracted to the flower's strong smell have to carry pollen from one flower to the other, so how often do you think these events occur all together Even people who study the plant for years may never witness it.

　　标题:

　　疑问一：宗旨题

　　What is the lecture mainly about

　　准确答案：(C) 植物的分类艰难。

　　疑问二：细节题

　　How does a strong odor help Rafflesia

　　准确答案：(D) 招引flies过来，帮助它授粉。

　　疑问三：细节题

　　Why does the professor consider the actual classification of Rafflesia unexpected

　　准确答案：(A) 这些植物的特征和大王花不一样。

　　疑问四：细节题

　　What does the professor imply about the reproduction of Rafflesia

　　准确答案：(B) 很少见。

　　疑问五：重听题

　　Listen to part of the lecture again and then answer the question.

　　It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms-it doesn't bloom inside the host.

　　What does the professor say this:

　　"...I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms-it doesn't bloom inside the host...."

　　准确答案：(B) 解说清楚，防止学生被误导。

　　疑问六：重听题

　　Listen to part of the lecture again and then answer the question.

　　But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um... no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult.

　　What does the professor imply when she says this:

　　"But as it turns out, Mitrastema But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries."

　　准确答案：(C) Rafflesia和Mitrastema从属不一样目。

大家在进行托福备考的同时，如果对考位方面也比较紧张，可联系辛达代报为您服务