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　1.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.

　　咱们今天所谓的美国民间艺术，实际上是普通老百姓的艺术、被普通老百姓发明的艺术和为普通老百姓和平时说到的“民间人士”的艺术，是一个他们在社会日渐繁荣和休闲情况下创立的一个包括各种各样尤其是肖像画种类的艺术的商场。

　　2.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.

　　他们没有农业，可是通过几千年，现已发展了探究本身环境的技术和设备。他们是根据大量出现鲑鱼、大比目鱼和别的多种鱼类的本身流域和水岸捕鱼的经济;根据从落基山水岸聚集了鲍鱼、蚌类、蛤和别的贝壳动物的经济;根据捕猎地域和海洋哺乳动物的经济;以及根据搜集野生植物的食物的经济。

　　3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

　　十九世纪一系列持续的机械前进，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能包容很多腔调——从最精美的和弦到一个老练管弦的声音或从一个明澈的歌声到光辉的敲击乐的作用——的乐器。

　　4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.

　　尽管咱们习惯于谈到1972年曾经的影片是无声的，但用一句彻底理性的话来说，影片历来就不是没有声音的。

　　5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.

　　多年以来影片音乐的挑选程序彻底把握在导演和音乐督导手中，一般具有这些权力的主要资历并非是本身的技艺和品尝而更多的是因为具有大量的自己音乐素材库。

　　6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.

　　更进一步，他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或润滑的精纺羊毛织物制造，包括润滑，紧凑的纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层富含粗糙天然的和暗黄色的毛纺资料。

　　7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.

　　在春季和夏季，要准确量度干旱、热量、冰雹、蝗虫和别的丢失可能是一件疲惫的工作。

　　8. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.

　　戴着面具身着盛装的人们，常常扮演各种别的人物、动物或超自然生灵，而且作为一个扮演者所能做的，即是期盼一个在打猎或战争中取胜、降雨的降临，阳光的重现的成果。

　　9.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

　　可是这些现实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的疑问，即是为何在一个特别的接近他们出生的当地如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。