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　　一、逻辑

　　所谓逻辑层面，即同义替换句与原句有必要保持在逻辑联系上的共同。常考的逻辑联系包含因果联系，转机联系，对比联系。

　　A. 因果联系

　　a. 显性因果

　　1) 因：

　　Because; for; as;since; on account of; with

　　2) 果：

　　So; so that;therefore; thereby; as a result; hence; thus; consequently; accordingly

　　b. 隐性因果

　　1) 导致(因→果)

　　Cause; lead to;give rise to; result in

　　2) 由…而来(果→因)

　　Result from; derivefrom; originate from; initiate from; stem from

　　3) 反映/表现(果→因)

　　Reflect;demonstrate; suggest

　　4) 考虑到/依赖于(因→果)

　　Reason;considering; in view of; thanks to; rely on; depend on; according to; resort to

　　例题：

　　The extremeseriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and thetremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty ofreversing or even slowing the process.

　　10. Which of thesentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentencein the passage?

　　Incorrect choiceschange the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is sohard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.

　　○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficultbecause of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.

　　○ The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.

　　○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.

　　解题过程：

　　1. 调查暗影有些语句，发现表隐性因果的短语resultfrom

　　2. 阅读选项，发现A和B选项富含因果联系

　　3. 剖析原句：

　　原句中“因”：

　　l 许多受到影响的土地vast areas of land

　　l 许多受到影响的人口tremendous numbers ofpeople

　　l 很难去减慢或许推翻沙漠化进程reverse or slow theprocess

　　原句中“果”：沙漠化是一个严峻serious的疑问

　　剖析A选项：“因”：reverseprocess; affect large areas of land; affect great numbers of people;“果”：沙漠化是一个significant的疑问。因对因，果对果，A完全能够匹配。

　　二、语义

　　所谓语义层面，即在语句没有逻辑联系的情况下，考生需要把原文暗影语句的语义，尤其是骨干有些的语义在准确选项里表现出来。

　　例题：

　　Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period isone of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected toconsiderable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expectedto affect biological activity strongly.

　　Which of the sentences below best expressesthe essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change themeaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　○ Stability, a feature of the biological clock's period, depends onchangeable factors such as temperature.

　　○ A major feature of the biological clock is that its period doesnot change despite significant changes in the environment.

　　○ A factor such as temperature is an importantfeature in the establishment of the biological clock's period.

　　○ Biological activity is not strongly affected by changes in temperature.

　　解题过程：

　　1. 调查暗影有些语句，发现该语句无显着逻辑联系，那么只能从语义的角度解题。

　　2. 剖析语句中心有些为：Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period isone of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected toconsiderable changes in factors. 大意为：biological clock的稳定性是它最主要的特征，即便它的环境受到许多改变要素的影响。至于后边详细举了factor这个细节要素能够省掉不看。

　　3. 核对选项，发现B选项与原文暗影语句的中心意思共同。