托福写作怎么才能做到上下文连贯?


时间:2015/10/15
作者:辛达托福代报名小编
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摘要:托福独立写作的评分标准中, 清晰提到了关于中心阶段的一个请求即是“一致”,“递进”和“连接”。十分笼统的三个专有名词,但却各有各意义。下面,辛达托福代和咱们分享一篇文章,具体介绍一下“连接”究竟指的是啥,以及咱们在写作傍边要怎样完成它。

  首要,啥叫做连接呢?即是当咱们从一句话过渡到另一句话,或许从一个阶段过渡到另一个阶段时,察觉不到任何突兀,距离或许是跳动,即是连接的。那么怎样到达这种“此时无声胜有声”的境地呢? 具体操作起来咱们有四种办法。

  一: 重复关键词。重复关键词是咱们十分重要的一种表达连接性的办法,一段傍边的要点经过不断地重复而表达 出来,阶段就会显得很连接。但为了防止重复变得无聊,咱们就要在重复的过程中进行换词。常用的换词办法有近义词(比方:run, race, dash),代词(比方:operators…they),以及换词性(比方:independent, independence, independently)。下面这段OG傍边的范文,尽管长度通常,但就在用不同的办法不断的重复咱们这段的关键词“living independently”。

  So living independently at an early age is not suitable for all young adults, some young adults may need to be ready to support themselves. Taking time to get more education and living with their families for a longer time may lead them to a better independent life because they will be well prepared for the hard-life outside. Still, living with their families for too long will not be a good idea because they could get used to it and tend to be less independent.

  二:运用平行结构。在写作的时分,假如咱们想表达接连的类似概念,平行结构即是上佳挑选。此外,运用平行结构不只能够使咱们的句式愈加规整,还能够让咱们的文章读起来愈加连接。

  In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I’m dealing with is honest. Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn’t like, s/he’d better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that’d be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there? So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesn’t think I can handle the truth, there’s no point to continuing that relationship.

  三: 坚持主语的共同。在英文写作中,咱们也有一条”潜规则“,即是一句话的主语应当与上一句话的主语或许宾语相呼应,假如一段话中的每一句话都和上一句的主语或许宾语没啥联络,读起来整段就很晦涩难明,更别说连接了。下面一段话我现已把各句的主语加斜黑体了,咱们能够先试试能不能看懂。

  One goes about trapping in this manner. At the very outset one acquire a “trapping” state of mind. A library of books must be read, and preferably someone with experience should educate the novice. Preparing for the first expedition takes several steps. The purchase of traps is first. A pair of rubber gloves, waterproof boots, and the grubbiest clothes capable of withstanding human use come next to outfit the trapper for his adventure. Finally, the decision has to be made on just what kinds of animals to seek, what sort of bait to use, and where to place the traps.

  没怎样读懂是吧?不要紧,不是你的错,是因为这篇文章太烂了。一段傍边几乎每一句话的主语都在变,让人摸不着头脑它究竟想说啥。等等,回想一下方才咱们讲的前两种表示连接的办法:重复关键词和运用平行结构。这段有做到吗?赶忙返回去再找找看。

  极好,我估量咱们现已找到了。重复关键词和运用平行结构这两点在本段中都做得极好: 本段的关键词trapping,先后被换成了traps,trapper等;而平行结构的运用中,既有词的平行(A pair of rubber gloves, waterproof boots, and the grubbiest clothes),也有短语的平行(what kinds of animals to seek, what sort of bait to use, and where to place the traps)。可是,就因为本段每句话想表达的一切新信息都放到了主语上,所以读起来就十分不连接。再读读下面这段,当改成都用一致的I作主语后,读起来 就顺利多了!

  I went about trapping in this manner. To acquire a “trapping” state of mind, I read a library of books and talked at length with an experienced trapper, my father. Then I purchased the traps and outfitted myself by collecting a pair of rubber gloves, waterproof boots, and the grubbiest clothes capable of withstanding human use. Finally, I decided just what kinds of animals to seek, what sort of bait to use, and where to place my traps.

  四:运用连接词。关于读者来说,连接词的效果就像一个桥梁,把现已读过的信息和即将读的新信息连接起来。无 论是在句与句之间,仍是阶段与阶段之间,它们都扮演者引导阅读者的效果,不容小觑。下面我给咱们按分类列出了一些咱们写作中常用的连接词, 这些连接词在咱们英语中的别的三个方面听说读运用频率也十分高,那你还等啥,赶忙背会吧!

  To show addition

  And, also, besides, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, next, too, second

  To give examples

  For example, for instance, to illustrate, in fact, specifically,a case in point is…,take…,…,for example,in particular,such as, like

  To compare

  Also, in the same manner, similarly, likewise

  To contrast

  But, however, in contrast, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary, even though, although, on the other hand, still

  To summarize or conclude

  in short, in summary, in conclusion, to sum up, In other words, in another word, that is, basically, simply put, therefore

  To show time

  After, as, before, next, during, later, finally, meanwhile, then, when, while, immediately

  To show place or direction

  Above, below, beyond, farther on, nearby, opposite, close, to the left

  To indicate logical relationship

  If, so, therefore, consequently, thus, as a result, for this reason, since, as, because, for, due to, owing to, on account of, because of

  再看一下下面这段咱们OG上的范文,你找到它们的连接词和对应的功用了吗?

  Now, suppose they passed the first make/break point. Then comes another one when they are going to marry. Normally, in the western culture, the man and the woman choose their marriage partners themselves, so this is not much of an important issue in the U.S. However, what about the cultures that predominantly have arranged marriages? In that case, choosing a husband or a wife could be a huge decision, because generally the marriages are not as easily broken as in the western culture. Therefore, when it comes to this point, one would definitely want to know their parents’ thinking and their previous experience. This could come in very handy when one has a choice to make.

  上述即是托福写作中怎样让作文连接的窍门,建议咱们参阅上述办法进行必定的练习才干真正成为自个的常识。更多托福写作窍门、托福写作等材料可登入辛达托福代托福考试频道,辛达托福代祝咱们学习开心,托福考试取得成功!

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