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　　081. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the "railroad novel," are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory.

　　The words "faded from" in line 21 are closest in meaning to

　　(A) grew in

　　(B) disappeared from

　　(C) remained in

　　(D) developed from

　　082. The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and 新奇的novel design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819) .

　　The word "novel" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) fictional虚构的

　　(B) intricate错综复杂的

　　(C) innovative

　　(D) powerful

　　083. The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a 不动的 静止的stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before Evans they were generally considered impractical and dangerous.

　　The word "stationary" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) single

　　(B) fixed

　　(C) locomotive移动的

　　(D) modified

　　084. In shallow western rivers the weight of vessel and engine was important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation.

　　The word "vessel" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) fuel

　　(B) crew

　　(C) cargo

　　(D) craft

　　085. The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves.

　　The word "emerged" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) increased

　　(B) concluded

　　(C) succeeded

　　(D) appeared

　　The word "outlining" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) assigning

　　(B) studying

　　(C) checking

　　(D) summarizing

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