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　一、英语语句构造的准则

　　1、谓动单一性准则 在一个语句里，有且只要一个谓语动词。

　　2、主句单一性准则 在一个语句中，有且只要一个主句。(从句能够有若干个)

　　二、三大从句

　　1、名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句

　　引导词 (what/how/that/why/whether)

　　构造 主语从句

　　what+VO=n. for eg.

　　what+SV=n. What you said is right.

　　方式宾语 Make it possible for sb.to do?

　　that/how/why/whether+SVO=n.

　　That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(方式主语居多)

　　**方式主语和着重句的差异

　　方式主语 It + v + (that +SVO)=n.

　　n.=it

　　着重句 It is/was + A + that + B

　　SVO=A+B

　　而且通常情况下 It is/was……是着重句

　　同位语从句

　　同位语的实质 n1,n2―n1=n2

　　S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO

　　前面的成分不该当在后边充任成分。

　　The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known.

　　可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion……

　　**同位语和定语从句的差异

　　同位语的语句中，前面的成分不该当在后边充任成分。

　　The fact, that the sun is round.

　　定语从句中，引导词充任成分。

　　The book, that you bought for me. “that”充任宾语。

　　Example

　　It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed existed, that Pangaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crustal plates separated and drifted in various directions.

　　人们遍及承受，Pangaea 以一个格外大的陆地方式存在，后来他被分为两个大块，在南边的Gondwanaland 和在北边的Laurasia，他和那些在不一样地壳上的内地分开了而且向不一样方向上漂移。

　　**怎么找出杂乱句中的谓语?

　　先找引导词，然后去掉随后的动词，还有动词的话，这个动词即是谓语。

　　2、描述词性从句=定语从句

　　引导词 (1)that/which/who(whom)(代词性)

　　(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)

　　构造 (1)that/which/who(whom)=S+VO=a.

　　This is pig that/which is very fat.

　　(1)that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a.

　　由于代词性的引导词能够充任主语或宾语

　　This is the pig that/which I ate.(作宾语可省掉引)

　　This is the pig from which I make fun.

　　引导词前的介词取决于后边的动词

　　This is the pig,which is very fast

　　This is the pig, (which)I ate.

　　This is the pig, from which I make fun.

　　(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a.

　　The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting.

　　This is the place where(=in which 定语从句) I grew up. When 用在后边也可能是状从,也有可能是定从。

　　**具体分析举例

　　In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……

　　看上去该句的based 是一个n-ed的方式，但是她又是润饰谁呢?In his hypothesis() he developed that based on it….

　　因而能够看出，based 润饰that，而在此句中，that指代 hypothesis.

　　**描述词性从句的省掉

　　当that/which在定语从句中充任宾语时，可将其省掉。

　　This is the pig that/which I ate.

　　This is the pig I ate.

　　当that/which在定语从句中充任主语时，且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，可将其一起省掉。

　　The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed.

　　The house, built in 1919,was destroyed.

　　**单个情况下，which/as在引导定语从句时，也指代前面全部一句话。

　　As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句话) was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which(指代前面一句话) resulted in collision, subduction, and mountain building.

　　**系表倒装

　　主系表构造 成为 表系主 构造成为系表倒装只限于介词词组在句首时

　　1、My hometown lies in Jilin province.

　　In Jilin province lies my hometown.

　　2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds.

　　Among the species of seabird are A,B,C….

　　3、副词性从句 =状语从句

　　引导词 when/though/while/although……

　　构造 when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO.

　　When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father.

　　省掉的条件 s’=S v’=be

　　省掉 When young, Jack was always beaten by his father.

　　省掉 Other(联络同一类的名词，也即是说前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省掉) not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycolproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.