托福备考之阅读高分秘籍介绍


时间:2017/4/17
作者:辛达托福代报名小编
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 辛达托福代报考位:到2016年4月17日上午托福官网没有释放考位,在此提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名,注意自己的考试时间,如对雅思报名有任何疑问,欢迎咨询在线客服

  作为一种言语测验方法, 托福考试的重点是检查考生的英言语语水平,怎么写出精确流通的言语是得到托福写作单项高分的必备条件。那么怎么才干得到阅览高分呢?

  在TOEFL iBT Official Guide(托福官方指南,以下简称OG)中明确指出托福独立写作有三大考察维度:Development(展开观点),Organization(安排文章构造)和Language Use(言语运用)。因而,除了留意作文的内容和构造外,阅卷教师相同非常重视咱们在作文中表现出来的言语基本功。

  托福独立写作有些关于咱们写作的整体请求是consistent facility in the use of language(言语运用的和谐流通),给咱们的详细主张是a variety of sentence structures(语句构造多样)和word choice should be appropriate(遣词贴切得当),评分者的检查视点是lexical or grammar errors(词汇和语法过错)以及the complexity of sentence structures(语句构造的杂乱程度)和the quality and complexity of your vocabulary(考生所运用的词汇的质量和杂乱程度)。接下来李盛教师别离先从语法过错、遣词和语句构造三个方面来讨论备考过程中应当留意的事项:

  1

  lexical or grammar errors:

  任何一种言语考试都着重言语表达的精确性,在2010年1月以后,ETS在独立写作有些中加入了e-rater的评分形式。电脑系统评分无疑对考生的语法词汇表达的精确性提出了更高的请求。

  在2009年1月份ETS发布的Evaluating the Construct -Coverage of the e-rater? Scoring Engine中,明确指出e-Rater会重视的四大言语层面:Grammar(Proofread this, Ill-formed Verbs, Pronoun Errors, Possessive Errors, Wrong or Missing Words,  Sentence Structure包含:Fragments, Run-ons, Garbled Sentences, Subject-verb agreement), Usage(Article Errors, Confused Words, Incorrect Word Forms, Faulty Comparisons, Nonstandard verbs or word forms), Mechanics(Spelling, Capitalization包含Proper Nouns和Sentence-Initial, Punctuation包含Missing Question Marks, Missing Final Punctuation, Missing Comma or Apostrophe和Hyphen Error, Fused Words, Compound Words, Duplicated Words)和Style(Repetition of Words, Inappropriate Words or Phrases, Too Many Sentences Beginning with Conjunction, Too Many Short Sentences, Too Many Long Sentences, Passive voice),换句话说,咱们要在独立写作中防止呈现以上的多见的言语表达过错,这就需要同学们在平常操练中留意语法的堆集。在这里简略罗列同学们在写作语句层面上经常犯的过错:

  (1)粘连句(Run-ons sentence)

  Run-ons sentence指一句话中包含两个或更多的意思,但这些意思之间没有用恰当的标点符号或缺乏衔接词等分隔开,这通常因为写作者不熟悉英语语法表达致使。如:

  Students deserve more respect they are young adults.

  精确的表达可所以:

  Students deserve more respect when/although they are young adults.

  (2)逗号衔接句(Comma splice)

  Comma splice指用逗号衔接两个分句。在英语中,逗号只能表明语气上的时间短中止,不能表明两个分句间的逻辑关系,假如一句话中有几个分句,就常常运用衔接词。如:

  We are out of money, we decide not to eat out on the weekend.

  精确的表达可所以:

  We are out of money, so we decide not to eat out on the weekend.

  (3)不完整句(Sentence fragment)

  Sentence fragment指那些看似一句话,但实际上仅仅一个语句的一有些构造,通常短少主语、谓语等基本构造,或是只有从句没有主句。如:

  Driving in the city during the evening rush hour.

  精确的表达可所以:

  Driving in the city during the evening rush hour is dangerous.

  (4)润饰语方位过错(Misplaced modifier)

  Misplaced modifier指的是被放错了方位的润饰语,这种语句不只会拗口,并且也许导致歧义。如:

  At the age of five, my father started to teach me piano.

  精确的表达可所以:

  My father started to teach me piano when I was five.

  (5)并列构造过错(Faulty parallelism)

  Faulty parallelism指的是在并列构造中所运用的语法构造不一致。如:

  People should be judged not only by their words, but also by what they do.

  精确的表达可所以:

  People should be judged not only by their words, but also by their deeds.

  (6)主从句过错(Faulty subordination)

  Faulty subordination 指的是本该放在主句中的内容放到了从句中,然后使本该收到着重的内容并没有遭到着重。这种过错对表达的精确性上有很大的影响,但许多学生并没有意识到这个疑问,这在thesis statement和主题句中尤为重要。如,在讨论面试的疑问时,假如咱们把thesis statement写成Interview, which can benefit the modern society a lot, is becoming increasingly popular,很明显就没有着重应当着重的内容。这句话应当写成:Interview, which is becoming increasingly popular, can benefit the modern society a lot.

  2

  the quality and complexity of your vocabulary

  已然OG中请求word choice should be appropriate(遣词贴切得当),怎么才干做到呢?这里大多数同学都有一个误解,以为指的即是许多运用TOEFL乃至GRE的词汇,当然,这些词汇假如运用的精确固然是好的,但关于大多数同学来说,许多TOEFL/GRE词汇咱们仅仅是知道,关于它们的调配和豪情颜色并不是很明白,通常会闹出“今日我死而无憾”、“咱们的班长凡事都首当其冲”之类的笑话。

  在托福独立写作中什么样的词汇才是appropriate或者说能到的必定的quality and complexity呢?在托福的评卷中,raters一方面会思考同学们所运用的词汇的长度和杂乱度,一方面会把考试文章中所运用的词汇表达与语料库中不一样等级的文章进行对比,然后大致断定咱们的文字言语水平。因而,平常多去堆集高分范文中的表达关于咱们提高自个的言语很大的帮助。实际上各位同学可以娴熟运用四级期间的词汇便能能极好的表达意思,如咱们想表达“生活中有许多这么的例子”,大多数同学第一反应是:There are many similar examples in our daily life.这句话在表达上没有过错,可是假如咱们运用四级词汇中的abound写成:Life abounds with such examples. 这么的表达就会更加正式一点。

  3

  the complexity of sentence structures:

  OG中请求做到语句构造多样,那么在保证语句表达精确性的基础上适当去变换句型就可以了。在这里许多同学又有误解,以为语句构造多样指的即是写长难句,殊不知乱用从句通常会使得言语变得烦琐。比如说,咱们想表达Mary是一个美丽的女孩子,写成:Mary is a beautiful girl就可以了,假如偏要写成:Mary is a girl who is beautiful. 看上去语句变长了,还用上了定语从句,实际上全部语句显得累赘。咱们经过关于独立写作高分范文的文本进行分析,可以总结出在高分范文中多见的句式有:

  (1)并列句(包含平行构造,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等句式)

  Junk food may cause a person to develop diabetes, to have heart disease, and to gain weight.

  The mass media neither gives us the necessary information, nor does it tell us the truth.

  We need formal education not only to gain knowledge but also learn social skills.

  (2)从句(包含名词性从句、描述词性从句、副词性从句)

  What kind of person you wish to become is more important than what kind of job you will have.

  No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

  A person who has an optimistic attitude toward his life can endure any hardship.

  (3)插入语

  After-hours study, if properly managed, holds the key to success in the 21st century.

  College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.

  (4)语句着重(包含着重句式、倒装句式、否定句式等)

  Although friends definitely play a significant role in shaping teenagers' personality, it is the parents and siblings that have a far greater impact on the development of their personality traits.

  Only when the heavy and frequent exposure to television is restricted or regulated will the adolescents' life, both bodily and spiritually, be guaranteed.

  (5)润饰性问句

  If there were no Internet, how could people get various information immediately?

  Isn’t that better than worrying about who wins and who loses all the time?

  (6)分词

  Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.

  To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.

  当然,英言语语的运用更多的来自于同学们日常的堆集。背诵单词并多读范文关于托福写作言语的精确运用有着很大的意思。

大家在进行托福备考的同时,如果对考位方面也比较紧张,可联系辛达代报为您服务



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