送分题型——词汇题备考技巧

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　　童鞋，看了这个标题的前半截你是不是有点激动？送分呢！（宝宝们聚集起来！）可是看到是词汇题，词汇量少的宝宝是不是又有点绝望（宝宝们别着急散去啊！）。词汇题正是阅览题型中“难者不会，会者不难”神相同的存在。今日咱们就来一窥究竟吧！找找那些被你忽略的解题头绪。

　　词汇量少的宝宝可看好了哦！

　　最易忽略的头绪1：与词汇调配的介词。

　　任何词性的单词与介词调配，词义都由介词的词义定。举个简略的比如：seek for/search for/hunt for/look for，都由for 来调配，虽然四个动词从词义上来说有差异，但都是表明找寻什么，也是由于介词for的效果。For有表“目标”的意思。

　　TPO1-2

　　24. But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.

　　The word “penchant” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Compromise B. Inclination C. Tradition D. Respect

　　解析：介词for能够用来表明“去向，趋势”。比如：I’ll leave for Chicago tomorrow.四个选项里边B具有显着的趋向性，所以答案为B。

　　DELTA EXERCISE

　　When hoisted up in the sky, the microscopic particles act as multiple surfaces on which the moisture in clouds can condense as tiny droplets.

　　The word “hoisted”in the passage is close in meaning to

　　A. Lifted B.Grouped C. Returned D. Pointed

　　解析：介词up能够用来表明“在……上面”,所以答案为A。

　　TPO1-3

　　37. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating ground water…

　　The word “plugged”in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. washed B. dragged C. filled up D. Soaked through

　　解析：介词with能够用来表明“在一起、用、有”。plugged 地点语句句意大致为：本来的颗粒之间的缝隙并没有彻底被粘性的化学物质所XX。鉴于有with，能够猜想是由于粘性的化学物质把缝隙连起来了，C选项的filledup表明填充，正好契合，所以答案为C。

　　DELTA EXERCISE

　　One of the rose’s most common associations in folklore is with death. The Romans often decked the tombs of the dead with roses;

　　The word “decked” in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Painted B. Separated C. Decorated D. Disguised

　　解析：decked和介词with这里调配，with就表明“用和随同”。那么经过句意能够猜到是用玫瑰花装修死者的坟墓，所以答案为C。

　　TPO2-3

　　37. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.

　　The word expanded in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Was enlarged B. Was improved

　　C. Was varied D. Was rejected

　　解析：expanded和介词from…to在这里调配，而from…to本来就表明变化。from后边是1or 2 inches (in height)1或2英寸高，to后边是life-size…6 or 9 feet实在巨细，6或9英尺。那么“从小变大”，答案为A。

　　头绪2：逻辑关系-转机or 同义重申。所以答案应当在与原文语句里的单词有同义词或反义词当中寻觅。是不是太简略粗犷了？是的，咱们即是这么的。

　　所有的逻辑关系咱们都能够简化为转机和同义重申。有转机词的即为转机，无转机词的即为同义重申（相同的领域和口气经过不同的办法再说一次）。

　　词与词之间：

　　TPO1-2

　　15. In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory,championed by anthropologists in the late nine teenth and early twentieth century, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.

　　The word “championed”in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Changed B. Debated C. Created D. Supported

　　解析：The most widely accepted theory,championed by anthropologists……中，championed 其实是和accepted是并排的关系，都是用来润饰theory的。那么accepted这个词是个惯例词汇，意思为承受，那么championed也即是附近的意思，那么答案为D，承受的，支持的。

　　语句内部：

　　TPO 2-1

　　3. There is little doubt, however,that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.

　　The word delicate in the passage isclosest in meaning to

　　A. fragile B. predictable C. complex D. valuable

　　解析：exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures中，delicate是用来润饰ecological balance的，后边紧跟着有个“and”，因而其口气应当和后边的limited in the potential 共同。Limited是个惯例词汇，意为有限的，口气为负面的，那么作为并排delicate也应当是负面的口气，用来润饰生态平衡，那么答案为A，软弱的生态平衡。

　　TPO2-2

　　16. Although limited to askull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.

　　The word precious in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Exact B. Scarce C. Valuable D. Initial

　　解析：precious地点的语句的主句与其从句由于although呈现出转机的逻辑关系，所以precious的口气和词义应当与limited相反。limited为有限的，口气为负面，所以precious的口气应为正面的活跃的，答案为C，意为有价值的。

　　7. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.

　　The phrase devoid of in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Consisting of B. Hidden by C. Except for D. Lacking in

　　解析：devoid地点的主句与从句由于since逻辑关系为因果，被咱们划为同义重申。那么从句句意为由于绝大多数的庄稼的扶植必须事前移除土地的天然植被，所以主句说一旦庄稼种植失利，就留下了大面积的土地devoid植物的掩盖，当然是没有植物的掩盖了，所以答案为D。当然还能够依据主句内部的and判别出与and后边的句意的逻辑关系为并排，后边说susceptible to wind and the water erosion简单遭到风和水的腐蚀，能够判别出前文应当是没有植物的掩盖，答案为D。可是susceptible to这个词汇许多同学都不认识，所以仍是前一种办法对于此题更可行。

　　句与句之间：

　　DELTA EXERCISE

　　Cool has with stood the fleeting nature of most slang. As a modifier, as a noun,and as a verb, cool has been around along time.

　　The word “fleeting”in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Temporary B. Youthful C. Emotional D. Popular

　　解析：fleeting这句和后一句的逻辑关系为同义重申，由于后一句最初没有转机。后一句讲到cool现已存在很长的时刻了，所以讲的是时刻的领域，那么选项应当也是时刻的。A和B都有点和时刻有相关。可是由于榜首句有with stood词义为禁得住，榜首句的句意为绝大多数俚语有着一个特质即为fleeting，而cool却饱尝住了这么的检测。加上后句讲存在了很长的时刻，结合起来也即是说cool饱尝住了俚语随时刻快速消逝的检测，所以答案为A，时间短的。简而言之，别的俚语都很快就消逝了，而cool却撒播下来。

　　TPO3-3

　　38. Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St Helens, in the north-western United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.

　　The word pales in the passage is closet in meaning to

　　A. Increases proportionally B.Differs

　　C. Loses significance D. Is common

　　解析：pales地点的语句一最初并没有转机词汇呈现，所以与前一句的逻辑关系为同义重申，因而要点在于读懂前一句的句意。前一句为：生态学家格外想知道是哪些因素致使了群落的复苏，由于全世界的尖端群落都正在被人类的活动所严峻损坏。请宝宝们留意严峻这个词。pales地点的语句紧接着就举例了，成果举了个大天然活动的损坏的比如，并把大天然活动的损坏和人类互动的损坏放在一起对比，依据同义重申的逻辑关系，应当是人类活动的损坏性很严峻，那么正话反说，大天然活动的损坏性就没有人类活动的损坏性强。所以答案为C，没那么严峻。

　　作者：戚宵睿

　　四川大学英语专业，澳大利亚新南威尔士大学访专家，持有TESOL证书。

　　留学训练职业10余年经历，2006年，怀着对优秀团队的神往参加新东方。教授国外考试12年，触及托福、雅思和BEC课程。讲堂高效，办法精粹，训练出多名高分学员，为同学们所推重。因与学生讲堂互动氛围轻松而被学生亲热地称呼为“Q姐”。曾荣获2015年度新东方集团优秀教师，2015年上海新东方校园优秀教师。

　　人生历练感悟：通向机会之门的每一段阶梯都需求自个的精心构筑。看似不经意的每个机会串联起来，将为你每一次的尽力一锤定音。