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　　252. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent  at a much toeflater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those  young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find  supplies.

　　The word "shielded" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) raised

　　(B) protected

　　(C) hatched

　　(D) valued

　　253. A second, more dense atmosphere, however, gradually enveloped Earth as  gasses from molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and  steam vents.

　　The word "enveloped" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) surrounded

　　(B) changed

　　(C) escaped

　　(D) characterized

　　254. With much of the water vapor already condensed into water and the  concentration of carbon dioxide dwindling, the atmosphere gradually became rich  nitrogen.

　　The word "gradually" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) accidentally

　　(B) quickly

　　(C) in the end

　　(D) by detoefles

　　255. At any rate, plant growth toeflatly enriched our atmosphere with  oxygen. The reason for this enrichment is that plants, in the presence of  sunlight, process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen.

　　The word "At any rate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) regardless

　　(B) in addition

　　(C) although unlikely

　　(D) fortunately

　　256. Over 25,000 islands are scattered across the surface of the Pacific,  more than in all the other oceans combined, but their land area adds up to  little more than 125,000 square kilometers, about the size of New York State,  and their inhabitants total less than two million people, about a quarter of the  number that live in New York City.

　　The word "scattered" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) widely known

　　(B) usually estimated

　　(C) rarely inhabited

　　(D) irregularly distributed

　　257. Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular  characteristics, but even the most favored are very isolated fragments of land,  strictly circumscribed by the ocean, strictly limited in terms of the numbers of  people they can support.

　　The phrase "by virtue of" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) regarding

　　(B) because of

　　(C) taking advantage of

　　(D) in place of

　　The word "circumscribed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) located

　　(B) flooded

　　(C) restricted

　　(D) pushed

　　258. Simply surviving those ocean crossings of indeterminatelength, in open  canoes, to arrive on the shores of uninhabited and hitherto unknown islands, was  a formidable achievement.

　　The word "indeterminate" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) undecided

　　(B) uncertain

　　(C) unacceptable

　　(D) increasing

　　259. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars' efforts for several decades until  the early nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded  using the toeflek inscriptions.

　　The word "thwarted" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) continued

　　(B) influenced

　　(C) encouraged

　　(D) frustrated

　　260. Lichens, probably the hardiest of all plants, live where virtually  nothing else can--- not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on sunbaked  desert rocks.

　　The word "hardest" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) most unusual

　　(B) most basic

　　(C) most abundant

　　(D) most vigorous

　　261. Unlike other members of the plant kingdom, lichens are actually a  partnership between two plants. The framework of a lichen is usually a network  of minute hairlike fungus that anchors the plant.

　　The word "framework" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) structure

　　(B) continued

　　(C) condition

　　(D) environment

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