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　　crawl—— To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body along the ground; creep爬行=creep

　　counterpart—— A copy or duplicate of a legal paper复制品=version An adaptation of a work of art or literaturesintosanother medium or style版本

　　counteract—— To oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary action; check抵制，抵消=negate

　　core —— The basic or most important part; the essence核心，本质=center

　　conventional—— Conforming to established practice or accepted standards; traditional传统的=traditional

　　contribute to —— v.捐献=donate To present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute捐赠

　　consumption——The act or process of consuming消耗=eating

　　constrain——To keep within close bounds; confine限制=bound To set a limit to; confine限制

　　constitute——To found (an institution， for example)创建=make up

　　constituent——Serving as part of a whole; component组成的=component

　　constantly——Continually occurring; persistently持续的=continuously

　　conspicuous——Attracting attention， as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable值得注意的=noticeable

　　consort with ——v.陪伴=associate To keep company陪伴

　　conserve——To protect from loss or harm; preserve保存，保护=retain vt.留住;保住

　　consequence——Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition结果=result

　　conjecture——A statement， an opinion， or a conclusion based on guesswork猜想=based on guessing

　　congestion——To be overfilled or overcrowded堵塞=overcrowded， crowded

　　conflicting——To be opposing; different对立的，不同的=opposing， contrary

　　confront——To come face to face with， especially with defiance or hostility面对与…面对面的=face To confront with complete awareness面对

　　confine to ——To keep within bounds; restrict限制=limit， cramp Restrict; narrow受限制

　　confederacy——A union of persons， parties， or states; a league联盟=ally One that is allied with another， especially by treaty同盟者

　　conceal——To keep from being seen， found， observed， or discovered; hide隐藏=hide

　　dramatically——Arresting or forceful in appearance or effect引人注目的=striking

　　durable——Lasting; stable持久的;稳定的=lasting

　　domains——[计]域=fields

　　domestic——Tame or domesticated. Used of animals驯养的=tame

　　dominate——To enjoy a commanding， controlling position in占支配地位=be prevalent in

　　divergence——Difference， as of opinion意见分歧difference

　　diverse——Made up of distinct characteristics， qualities， or elements多种多样的=various

　　dogma——An authoritative principle， belief， or statement of ideas or opinion， especially one considered to be absolutely true信条=belief

　　distinction——The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference差别=difference

　　distinct——Readily distinguishable from all others; discrete有区别的，不同的=different， separate， definite

　　dispute——To argue about; debate就…进行争论=argument， disagreement

　　disseminate——To spread abroad; promulgate散布=spread， distribute

　　disposal——The act or process of getting rid of something除掉=get rid of

　　discrete——Constituting a separate thing; distinct分离的=separate Existing as an independent entity单独的

　　discard——To throw away; reject丢弃，抛弃=get rid of

　　diffuse——To become widely dispersed; spread out散布=travel To be transmitted， as light or sound; move or pass传送

　　differentiate——To constitute the distinction between区分=distinguish To perceive as being different or distinct区分

　　dictate——To prescribe with authority; impose命令;To issue orders or commands命令=determine To reach a decision; resolve解决，决定，=prescribe To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin指定，规定

　　devastate——To lay waste; destroy变成废墟，荒芜;破坏=ruin

　　device——A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose， especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks机器=instrument A device for recording， measuring， or controlling， especially such a device functioning as part of a control system仪表

　　devoid of ——free of无……的，免于……的;摆脱了……的

　　destruction——The act of destroying毁灭=demolition The act or process of wrecking or destroying， especially destruction by explosives.摧毁破坏

　　detect——To discover or ascertain the existence， presence， or fact of查明;发现=discover， sense To become aware of; perceive感觉意识到

　　detectable——Can be discovered or ascertained the existence， presence， or fact可查明;可发现apparent， measurable，sizable

　　derive——To obtain or receive from a source得到=obtain，

　　To issue from a source; originate起源于=stem from

　　depression——An area that is sunk below its surroundings; a hollow下陷处=low

　　depressed——Low in spirits; dejected情绪低落的;沮丧的=saddened

　　deposit——To put or set down; place放置=place， lay

　　deplete——To decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out消灭，用完或用光=exhaust， run out

　　dense——Hard to penetrate; thick浓厚的=thick， heavy

　　delicate——Marked by sensitivity of discrimination敏锐的=sensitive

　　Easily broken or damaged脆弱的=fragile

　　delicate——Considerate of the feelings of others体贴的=careful， intentionally

　　deft——Quick and skillful; adroit灵巧的=skilled

　　extract——To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt摘录=remove

　　extend——To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length延伸=increase， stretch， outspread

　　extensive——Large in extent， range， or amount广大的=wide， far from reaching

　　exponential——Containing， involving， or expressed as an exponent指数的=rapid， increase

　　exert——To bring to bear; exercise对…施加=apply To putsintosaction使用，运用，=cause

　　exhibition——The act or an instance of exhibiting展览=display

　　exorbitant——Exceeding all bounds， as of custom or fairness过高的，昂贵的=expensive

　　expand——To increase the size， volume， quantity， or scope of; enlarge扩大=increase

　　excessive——Exceeding a normal， usual， reasonable， or proper limit过量的=extreme Extending far beyond the norm过分的

　　exclusion——The condition or fact of being excluded.排除或被排除的状态keep out of躲开;置身于…之外

　　execution——制作=create

　　exalted——Lofty; sublime; noble高的，崇高的;高贵的=superior Of great value or excellence; extraordinary价值巨大或品质优越的;突出的

　　exceed——To be greater than; surpass比…更好;超过=surpass

　　excel——To show superiority; surpass others胜过=be superior

　　exceptional——Well above average; extraordinary杰出的=extraordinary

　　exceptionally——Deviating widely from a norm， as of physical or mental ability特殊的=abnormally，

　　Being an exception; uncommon例外的=extremely

　　evident——Easily seen or understood; obvious显然的=apparent Readily understood; clear or obvious显然的

　　evolve——To undergo gradual change; develop发展=develop

　　erode——To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion腐蚀，侵蚀=wear away

　　equivalent——Equal， as in value， force， or meaning相等的=interchangeable That can be interchanged可以相互交换的

　　entity——Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit实体=object Something perceptible by one or more of the senses， especially by vision or touch; a material thing物体

　　enormous——Very great in size， extent， number， or degree巨大的=tremendous， huge

　　emit——To give or send out matter or energy发射=give off发出，放出(蒸汽、气味等)

　　employ——To put to use or service投入使用=use

　　enactment——To act (something) out， as on a stage扮演=performance， pass

　　emerge——To comesintosexistence发生使出现=appear， spring up

　　embed——To cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole包埋=encase To enclose in or as if in a case把…装箱

　　elaborate——To become elaborate变得复杂=complicate To make or become complex or perplexing使复杂或令人困惑

　　elaborately——Planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or details精心制作的=done in great detail

　　fuse——To mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend.熔合=combine

　　furnish——To supply; give供应;提供=provide

　　fragment——A small part broken off or detached.碎片=piece A portion or part that has been separated from a whole

　　forbid——To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit严禁=ban

　　forage——To wander in search of food or provisions搜索粮食=feed To give food to; supply with nourishment给予食物

　　float——To move from place to place， especially at random漂移=drift along

　　fertile——Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth肥沃的=rich Abounding， especially in natural resources肥沃的;丰富的

　　faction——Asgroupsof persons forming a cohesive， usually contentious minority within a larger group小集团=side One of two or more opposing individuals， groups， teams， or sets of opinions派

　　graze——To feed on (herbage) in a field or on pastureland放牧=feed

　　gorgeous——Dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent耀眼的;美丽的;眩目艳丽的=magnificent， beautiful

　　global——Of， relating to， or involving the entire earth; worldwide全球的=worldwide

　　give way to ——让路，让步=be replaced by ，=turnsintos

　　genetic——Affecting or affected by genes影响基因的或被基因影响的=heredity The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring遣传

　　gap——An opening in a solid structure or surface; a cleft or breach豁口=opening A breach or an aperture缺口

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