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　　181. Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870's and 1880's  and into the 1890's,although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and  wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been  laid.

　　The word "crisscross" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) lead the way

　　(B) separate

　　(C) move back and forth

　　(D) uncover

　　182. The primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so  challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain  could pay a profit.

　　The word "skepticism" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) doubt

　　(B) amazement

　　(C) urgency

　　(D) determination

　　183. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the   contoeflssional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one  would undertake so unpromising a venture; yet it was a national necessity to  link East and West together.

　　The word "subsidy" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) persuasion

　　(B) financing

　　(C) explanation

　　(D) penalty

　　184. However, the concept of number and the counting process developed so  long before the time of recorded history (there is chaeological evidence that  counting was employed by humans as far back as 50,000 years ago) that the manner  of this development is largely conjectural.

　　The word "conjectural" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) complex

　　(B) based on guessing

　　(C) unbelievable

　　(D) supported by careful research

　　185. Probably the earliest way of keeping a count was by some simple tally  method, employing the principle of one-to-one correspondence. In keeping a count  of sheep, for example, one finger per sheep could be turned under.

　　The word "employing" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) using

　　(B) paying

　　(C) focusing

　　(D) hiring

　　186. Counts could also be maintained by making scratches in the dirt or on  a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a  string.

　　The word "maintained" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) justified

　　(B) asserted

　　(C) located

　　(D) kept

　　187. Then, perhaps later, an assortment of vocal sounds was developed as a  word tally against the number of objects in a small group.

　　The word "assortment" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) instrument

　　(B) variety

　　(C) surplus

　　(D) symbol

　　188. Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their  exalted status and testified to their customers' prominence.

　　The word "exalted" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) unusual

　　(B) uncertain

　　(C) surprising

　　(D) superior

　　189. Colonial coppersmithing also came of agein the early eighteenth  century and prospered in northern cities.

　　The phrase "came of age" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) established itself

　　(B) declined

　　(C) became less expensive

　　(D) was studied

　　190. Fossils are the remains and traces (such as footprints or other marks  ) of ancient plant and animal life that are more than 10,000 years old.

　　The word "traces" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) structures

　　(B) importance

　　(C) skeletons

　　(D) imprints

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