新托福写作真经4综合写作解析

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　　Reading & Listening

　　榜首有些：Reading

　　For much of the twentieth century, the American federal government, as well as various state and city governments, controlled the country’s infrastructure, particularly the power, water management, and transportation industries. Yet in the past three decades, many industries in the United States have been privatized. The results have been mostly positive.

　　Governments have reaped enormous profits from selling various infrastructure industries and projects. For instance, in 1987，Conrail, a railroad, was sold for $1.7 billion. In 1997, the Elks Hill Petroleum Reserve was privatized for $3.7 billion. In many northern states, governments have sold the rights to manage their toll roads for billions of dollars. During a time when most state governments are facing budget shortfalls, these injections of cash from the private sector are much needed.

　　Private companies typically manage infrastructure projects better than the government.

　　First, they are focused on turning a profit, so they eliminate inefficiencies that existed under the government-run regimes. For instance, they eliminate unnecessary departments and fire unproductive workers while rewarding and promoting productive ones. Countless studies have proven that employee productivity dramatically rises whenever government entities are privatized. Through superior management, the companies become more efficient.

　　Private companies are more likely to introduce new technology than government-owned companies are. One example is in Texas. There, private industry is leading the way in energy production. Several multibillion-dollar power projects, particularly ones utilizing green energy such as wind power, are either currently being implemented or are in the developmental stages. As a result, Texas, an industrial powerhouse, produces so much energy that it not only creates enough for its own companies but also exports electricity to nearby states. It is Texas’ reliance on new technology that has made it possible for the state to produce so much energy.

　　阅览关键：

　　观念：

　　Private companies typically manage infrastructure projects better than the government.

　　私营企业一般比政府能更好地办理基础设施项目。

　　1. First, they are focused on turning a profit, so they eliminate inefficiencies that existed under the government-run regimes.

　　由于私营企业愈加重视盈余，所以废弃政府运营下的低效率公司。

　　2. Private companies are more likely to introduce new technology than government-owned companies are.

　　私营企业比政府愈加可以引入新技术。

　　第二有些：Listening

　　听力笔记符号：

　　听力关键：

　　观念：政府比私营企业能更好地办理基础设施项目。而且列举了私营企业办理基础设施的三个坏处。

　　1. 私企是以盈余为目的，所以会独裁，终究受害的仍是公民;

　　2. 私企会废弃低效率开展的组织，裁人，致使很多人失业;

　　3.政府会操控新技术的引入和创造，由于新技术和科技产品通常也会带来很多严重的疑问。

　　第三有些：SAMPLE ESSAY

　　①The lecturer argues that it is better to have governments manage infrastructure industries rather than organizations from the private sector. She supports her contention with three disadvantages to private management. ②This directly refutes the reading passage's claim that the privatization of infrastructure would result in many benefits.

　　First, the purpose of government is not profit-making but rather the benefit of its own citizens. If a private company were to abuse its monopoly and impose excessive rates, it would be the citizens who suffered from the system. ③This fact contradicts the claim from the reading passage that the privatization of infrastructure can provide financial aid for governments, particularly those going through an economic crisis.

　　In addition, ④the lecturer contends that the privatization of infrastructure would reduce employment opportunities. As shown in the example, many workers lost their jobs at the power company after it was privatized. This contradicts the reading passage's claim that liquidation for the purpose of making revenue would fortify productivity.

　　Finally, ⑤the lecturer asserts that the speedy introduction of new technology could bring about problems, including serious ones. Thus the relatively unhurried adoption of innovative systems would reduce the possibilities of trouble. ⑥This is against the idea presented in the reading passage that we need the continuous implementation of up-to-date technology as shown in Texas with the successful wind power system.