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　　一、 放弃空洞的词汇，使用实际实用的单词

　　1. 删掉一些与句子主要内容无关的信息，为句子减肥。

　　When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.

　　这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：

　　Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.

　　2. 替换一些空洞及繁琐的表达方式。

　　Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.

　　“due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：

　　Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.

　　二、 减少重复，不啰嗦

　　1.化繁为简，避免重复词语，或意思相近的词汇。

　　The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.

　　large 对一个farm来说已经包含了size在里面了，所以in size可以去掉，改为：

　　The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.

　　更简洁的表达方式为：

　　My grandfather grew up on a large farm.

　　2. 词组可用单词替换，例如：

　　My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents’ farm.

　　这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：

　　My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents’ farm.

　　三、 选择恰当的语法表达

　　选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。

　　1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。.

　　The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.

　　从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to study”，即我爷爷没有学工程学的原因就是我太爷爷需要帮手。而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：

　　My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.

　　2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构

　　There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.

　　可以改为：My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.

　　简单版

　　My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.

　　3. 把从句改为短语或单词

　　Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.

　　简单版

　　The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.

　　4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。

　　In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.

　　本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s family”，而使用了被动语态后，仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：

　　In the fall, my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.

　　5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语

　　My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.

　　Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：

　　My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.